A public–private partnership (PPP, 3P or P3) is a cooperative arrangement between one or more public and private sectors, typically of a long term nature.
Governments have used such a mix of public and private endeavours throughout history.
However, the past few decades has seen a clear trend towards governments across the globe making greater use of various PPP arrangements.
The Government of India defines a P3 as “a partnership between a Public sector entity (sponsoring authority) and a Private sector entity (a legal entity in which 51% or more of equity is with the private partner/s) for the creation and/or management of infrastructure for public purpose for a specified period of time (concession period) on commercial terms and in which the private partner has been procured through a transparent and open procurement system.“